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1.What is the difference between sortedList and Hashtable ?

Hash table and sorted list classes manage a collection of key value pairs the only difference between them is that in sorted list ,the values are sorted by keys and accesible by key as well as by index.

2. What is the difference between arraylist and array classes ?

arraylist size can be dynamically increased where as array size can’t be increased.

3. what is the difference between ref and out parameters ?

ref –> inout out –> Out Argument passed as ref must be initialized before it is passed to the method, where as incase of Out it’s not neccssary.but after a call to the method as an out parameter the variable must be initialized .out parameter can be used when you want to return more than one value from a method.

4. If all the objects of a class need to be share the same variable, how must you declare that variable ?

shared variables must declared static

5. what is a singleton class?

singleton class can be instantiated only once.

6. what is the purpose of “base” keyword in c# ?

There are two uses 1) used to access a base class constructor 2) used to access a base class member in the derived class.

7. What’s a delegate?

A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method.

8. What’s a multicast delegate?

A delegate that has multiple handlers assigned to it. Each assigned handler (method) is called.

9. What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the set method/property of a class?

Value. The data type of the value parameter is defined by whatever data type the property is declared as.

10. What does the keyword “virtual” declare for a method or property?

The method or property can be overridden.

11. How is method overriding different from method overloading?

When overriding a method, you change the behavior of the method for the derived class. Overloading a method simply involves having another method with the same name within the class.

12. Can you declare an override method to be static if the original method is not static?

No. The signature of the virtual method must remain the same. (Note: Only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override)

13. What are the different ways a method can be overloaded?

Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.

14. If a base class has a number of overloaded constructors, and an inheriting class has a number of overloaded constructors; can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to a specific base constructor?

Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list

15. What is the syntax to inherit from a class in C#?

Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Example: class MyNewClass : MyBaseClass

16. Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class?

Yes. The keyword “sealed” will prevent the class from being inherited.

17. Can you allow a class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?

Yes. Just leave the class public and make the method sealed.

18. What’s an abstract class?

A class that cannot be instantiated. An abstract class is a class that must be inherited and have the methods overridden. An abstract class is essentially a blueprint for a class without any implementation.

19. When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract?

1. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been overridden. 2. When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract.

20. What is an interface class?

Interfaces, like classes, define a set of properties, methods, and events. But unlike classes, interfaces do not provide implementation. They are implemented by classes, and defined as separate entities from classes.

21. Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?

They all must be public, and are therefore public by default.

22. Can you inherit multiple interfaces?

Yes. .NET does support multiple interfaces.

23. What happens if you inherit multiple interfaces and they have conflicting method names?

It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay. To Do: Investigate

24. What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?

In an interface class, all methods are abstract - there is no implementation. In an abstract class some methods can be concrete. In an interface class, no accessibility modifiers are allowed. An abstract class may have accessibility modifiers.

25. What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?

Structs are value-type variables and are thus saved on the stack, additional overhead but faster retrieval. Another difference is that structs cannot inherit.

26. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?

No.

27. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?

The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. A shallow copy means the contents (each array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array. A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of each element's object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.

28. Does C# support multiple-inheritance?

No.

29. Who is a protected class-level variable available to?

It is available to any sub-class (a class inheriting this class).

30. Are private class-level variables inherited?

Yes, but they are not accessible. Although they are not visible or accessible via the class interface, they are inherited.

31. Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.

It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.

32. What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from?

System.Object.

33. What does the term immutable mean?

The data value may not be changed. Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was discarded and a new data value was created in memory.

34. What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?

System.String is immutable. System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.

35. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?

StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string manipulation. Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in memory is created.